B737 Landing gear_ Air/Ground sensing
In this lesson we will discuss the following aspects of Air / Ground Sensing: Air / Ground Logic and Weight-On-Wheels Sensors.
There are differing requirements for certain aircraft systems, depending on whether the aircraft is on the ground or airborne.
The aircraft state is sensed by logic signals from the air / ground system. Six sensors are used, two on each gear.
Air / Ground Logic effects related to the Landing Gear and Braking Systems are described on the following pages.
While the aircraft is in the air, the Antiskid System releases the normal or alternate brakes to provide touchdown protection. Normal antiskid operation is permitted once the aircraft is on the ground and wheel spin-up has occurred.
On the ground, Rejected Takeoff or RTO mode is available. Selection of an autobrake landing mode is possible while the aircraft is in the air.
On the ground, the LANDING GEAR Lever Lock solenoid is latched. In the air, it is released.
In the air, the Landing Gear Transfer Unit is enabled, and disabled on the ground.
Air / Ground Logic effects related to some other aircraft systems are described on the following pages. Note that this is not an exhaustive list.
The overwing emergency exits lock when three or more Entry / Service doors are closed and either engine is running and the airplane air / ground logic indicates that the airplane is in the air or both thrust levers are advanced.
During flight, the WING ANTI-ICE Control valves open when the switch is ON. Thrust setting and duct temperature logic is bypassed. For ground operation with the switch ON, the valves cycle open and closed and the switch trips OFF at lift-off.
Thrust reversers are disabled in flight.
If Armed, the autothrottle is engaged for a Go-Around by pushing the TO/GA switch under the following conditions: inflight below 2,000 ft radio altitude; inflight above 2,000 ft radio altitude with flaps not up or G/S captured; not in takeoff mode or either F/D is ON or OFF. On the ground, it is available for takeoff mode, and is disengaged 2 sec after touchdown.
On the ground, pushing the TO/GA engages the Flight Director in takeoff mode. In the air, this action engages the Flight Director in go-around mode.
Engine idle is maintained at minimum flight idle or approach idle while airborne, ensuring faster response.
With an airborne cargo fire, the second extinguisher bottle timer is enabled. It is disabled on the ground.
In the air, the SPD BRK lever may be moved to ARMED so that all flight and ground spoilers extend on touchdown. If a thrust lever is advanced on the ground with the speedbrake panels extended, the SPD BRK lever moves to the DOWN position and all panels retract.
In this lesson we have discussed the following aspects of Air / Ground Sensing: Air / Ground Logic and Weight-On-Wheels Sensors.
์ด๋ฒ ๊ฐ์์์๋ ํญ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ ๊ณต์ค/์ง์ ๊ฐ์ง(Air/Ground Sensing)์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ๋ค์ ์ฌํญ์ ๋ค๋ฃน๋๋ค:
• ๊ณต์ค/์ง์ ๋ ผ๋ฆฌ(Air/Ground Logic)
• ๊ธฐ์ฒด ํ์ค ๊ฐ์ง ์ผ์(Weight-On-Wheels Sensors)
์ผ๋ถ ํญ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์์คํ ์ ํญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ง์์ ์๋์ง ๋๋ ๋นํ ์ค์ธ์ง์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์๊ตฌ์ฌํญ์ด ์ ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
ํญ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ ์ํ๋ ๊ณต์ค/์ง์ ์์คํ ์์ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ ๋ ผ๋ฆฌ ์ ํธ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๊ฐ์ง๋ฉ๋๋ค. ์ด ์์คํ ์ ๊ฐ ๋๋ฉ ๊ธฐ์ด์ ์ฅ์ฐฉ๋ ์ด ์ฌ์ฏ ๊ฐ์ ์ผ์๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํฉ๋๋ค.
๋๋ฉ ๊ธฐ์ด ๋ฐ ๋ธ๋ ์ดํฌ ์์คํ ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ๊ณต์ค/์ง์ ๋ ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ค์ ํ์ด์ง์์ ์ค๋ช ํฉ๋๋ค.
๋๋ฉ ๊ธฐ์ด ๋ฐ ๋ธ๋ ์ดํฌ ์์คํ ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ๊ณต์ค/์ง์ ๋ ผ๋ฆฌ
• ํญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋นํ ์ค์ผ ๋, ๋ฏธ๋๋ผ ๋ฐฉ์ง(์ํฐ์คkid) ์์คํ ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐ ๋์ฒด ๋ธ๋ ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ํด์ ํ์ฌ ํฐ์น๋ค์ด ๋ณดํธ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ ๊ณตํฉ๋๋ค. ํญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ง์์ ๋์ฐฉํ์ฌ ๋ฐํด๊ฐ ํ์ ํ๋ฉด ์ ์์ ์ธ ์ํฐ์คkid ์๋์ด ํ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
• ์ง์์์๋ ์ด๋ฅ ์ค๋จ(Rejected Takeoff, RTO) ๋ชจ๋๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ํญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๊ณต์ค์ ์์ ๋ ์๋ ๋ธ๋ ์ดํฌ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ ๋ชจ๋๋ฅผ ์ ํํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
• ์ง์์์๋ ๋๋ฉ ๊ธฐ์ด ๋ ๋ฒ ์ ๊ธ ์๋ ๋ ธ์ด๋๊ฐ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ๊ณต์ค์์๋ ์ ๊ธ์ด ํด์ ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
• ๊ณต์ค์์๋ ๋๋ฉ ๊ธฐ์ด ์ ํ ์ฅ์น(Landing Gear Transfer Unit)๊ฐ ํ์ฑํ๋๋ฉฐ, ์ง์์์๋ ๋นํ์ฑํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
๊ธฐํ ํญ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์์คํ ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ๊ณต์ค/์ง์ ๋ ผ๋ฆฌ
• ๋น์ ์ถ๊ตฌ(์ค๋ฒ์ ์ด๋จธ์ ์ ์ถ๊ตฌ)๋ ์ธ ๊ฐ ์ด์์ ์ถ์ ๋ฌธ(Entry/Service Doors)์ด ๋ซํ ์๊ณ , ํ ๊ฐ ์ด์์ ์์ง์ด ์๋ ์ค์ด๋ฉฐ ํญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๊ณต์ค ์ํ์ด๊ฑฐ๋, ๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ค๋ฌ์คํธ ๋ ๋ฒ๊ฐ ์ ์ง ์์น์ ์์ ๋ ์ ๊น๋๋ค.
• ๋นํ ์ค์๋ WING ANTI-ICE(๋ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋น) ์ปจํธ๋กค ๋ฐธ๋ธ๊ฐ ์ค์์น๊ฐ ON์ผ ๋ ์ด๋ฆฝ๋๋ค. ์ด๋ ์ถ๋ ฅ ์ค์ ๋ฐ ๋ํธ ์จ๋ ๋ ผ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ฌด์๋ฉ๋๋ค. ์ง์์์ ์ค์์น๊ฐ ON ์ํ์ผ ๋๋ ๋ฐธ๋ธ๊ฐ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ซํ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฆฌํํธ์คํ ์ ์๋์ผ๋ก ์ค์์น๊ฐ OFF๋ฉ๋๋ค.
• ์ถ๋ ฅ ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ์๋ ๋นํ ์ค์ ์๋์ด ๋ถ๊ฐ๋ฅํฉ๋๋ค.
• ์๋ ์ค๋กํ(Autothrottle)์ด ์ค์ ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, ๋ค์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์ TO/GA ์ค์์น๋ฅผ ๋๋ฅด๋ฉด ์๋ ์ค๋กํ์ด Go-Around ๋ชจ๋๋ก ํ์ฑํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
• ๋นํ ์ค, 2,000ft ๋ผ๋์ค ๊ณ ๋ ์ดํ
• ๋นํ ์ค, 2,000ft ๋ผ๋์ค ๊ณ ๋ ์ด์์ด์ง๋ง ํ๋ฉ์ด UP์ด ์๋๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ธ๋ผ์ด๋ ์ฌ๋กํ(G/S)๊ฐ ์บก์ฒ๋ ์ํ
• ์ด๋ฅ ๋ชจ๋๊ฐ ์๋๊ฑฐ๋, ๋นํ ๋๋ ํฐ(F/D)๊ฐ ON ๋๋ OFF ์ํ
• ์ง์์์๋ TO/GA ์ค์์น๋ฅผ ๋๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅ ๋ชจ๋๊ฐ ํ์ฑํ๋๋ฉฐ, ์ฐฉ์ง ํ 2์ด ํ์ ํด์ ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
• ์ง์์์ TO/GA ์ค์์น๋ฅผ ๋๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋นํ ๋๋ ํฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ฅ ๋ชจ๋๋ก ์ค์ ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ๋นํ ์ค์๋ Go-Around ๋ชจ๋๋ก ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
• ๋นํ ์ค์๋ ์์ง ๊ณตํ์ ์๋๊ฐ ์ต์ ๋นํ ๊ณตํ์ (Minimum Flight Idle) ๋๋ ์ ๊ทผ ๊ณตํ์ (Approach Idle)๋ก ์ ์ง๋์ด ๋น ๋ฅธ ์๋ต์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๋๋ก ํฉ๋๋ค.
• ๊ณต์ค์์ ํ๋ฌผ์นธ ํ์ฌ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ฉด ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ ์ํ๊ธฐ ๋ณ์ ํ์ด๋จธ๊ฐ ํ์ฑํ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ์ง์์์๋ ๋นํ์ฑํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
• ๋นํ ์ค์๋ SPD BRK ๋ ๋ฒ๋ฅผ ARMED ์์น๋ก ์ด๋ํ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ฐฉ๋ฅ ์ ๋ชจ๋ ๋นํ ๋ฐ ์ง์ ์คํฌ์ผ๋ฌ๊ฐ ์ ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ์ง์์์ ์คํผ๋ ๋ธ๋ ์ดํฌ ํจ๋์ด ์ ๊ฐ๋ ์ํ์์ ์ค๋ฌ์คํธ ๋ ๋ฒ๊ฐ ์ ์งํ๋ฉด SPD BRK ๋ ๋ฒ๊ฐ DOWN ์์น๋ก ์ด๋ํ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋ ํจ๋์ด ์ ํ๋๋ค.